Biomarkers in Parkinsons Disease, 2011

http://www.aarkstore.com/reports/Biomarkers-in-Parkinsons-Disease-2011-146438.html

Description

This report presents a comprehensive update on PD biomarker developments up to 2010. It covers the major classes of emerging and new markers relating to PD (blood, CSF, metabolomic, image-based, genetic and others), and focuses on those investigated in controlled human studies. This includes single and combined markers.

Parkinsons disease (PD) is the second most-common neurodegenerative disorder (after Alzheimer’s disease), and affects movement control. This condition develops due to the loss of dopamine-producing nerve cells in the Substantia Nigra, located in the mid brain. According to the US National Parkinson Foundation (NPF), 50 to 60,000 new cases of PD are diagnosed every year in the US, and one million people in the US already have the disease. Individual country incidence rates vary, but the NPF estimates that four to six million people around the world suffer from this condition.

In most cases, PD is diagnosed clinically. While this successfully identifies >90% of individuals requiring treatment for this condition, findings show that the first motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor, may not occur until 30 to 50% of dopaminergic neurones have already been lost. This scenario creates an urgent need for tests that enable PD to be detected in its earliest stages, to allow appropriate treatment to begin.

Table of Contents :

Executive Summary 3

Chapter 1. Background 22

Chapter 2. Biomarkers in the Blood 32

Chapter 3. Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid 50

Chapter 4. Genetic Biomarkers 58

Chapter 5. Image-Based Biomarkers 72

Chapter 6. Other Biomarkers 78

Chapter 7. Diagnostic Tests 90

Chapter 8. Clinical Trials 94

Chapter 9. Discussion 103

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